2020年高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解備考技巧 (3)

　　專(zhuān)題3 閱讀理解專(zhuān)題之----推理判斷隱含意義題

　　【設(shè)問(wèn)形式】

　　1.推理判斷隱含意義題常見(jiàn)設(shè)問(wèn)形式：

　　9）It can be inferred/implied from the text that_______.

　　10）What do we know about...?

　　11）We can infer from... that_____.

　　12）What does the author mean that...?

　　....

　　【考查方式】

　　高考閱讀理解隱含意義題要求考生在理解表面文字的基礎(chǔ)上，做出判斷和推論，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意思，也就是通過(guò)文章中的文字信息、上下文的邏輯關(guān)系及事物的發(fā)展變化等已知的信息去推斷出作者沒(méi)有直接表達(dá)出來(lái)的深層意思。推理判斷隱含意義不僅要求考生能夠讀懂文章中的每個(gè)句子信息，還要求考生能夠推理他們之間的關(guān)系，結(jié)合自己的生活常識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，再通過(guò)邏輯推理和判斷，準(zhǔn)確理解出文章的言外之意，揭示文章的深層含義。

　　推理判斷隱含意義題解題思路：

　　推理判斷隱含意義題的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理時(shí)我們務(wù)必要忠于原文，在文章中尋找并確定可推論的依據(jù)，準(zhǔn)確理解文中的已知部分，再結(jié)合語(yǔ)境和常識(shí)推論出未知部分，作者的言外之意。切忌妄加評(píng)論，把自己的觀點(diǎn)當(dāng)成作者的觀點(diǎn)，不能主觀臆斷。除此之外，還要注意幾個(gè)誤區(qū)：

　　①原文信息的簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)，并不是推斷出來(lái)的結(jié)論。②文中無(wú)關(guān)緊要或片面推出的結(jié)論。③與文章內(nèi)容不符的推論或相反的推論。④不合常理或不合邏輯的推論。⑤雖然符合考生的常識(shí)，但文中并沒(méi)有支撐的依據(jù)。所以考生一是要全面分析所有相關(guān)信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面結(jié)論。二是要忠實(shí)原文，切忌脫離原文，憑空臆斷。三是注意不要選擇表層信息答案，應(yīng)該立足由已知推斷未知。

　　實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練

　　【例題】

　　例題1：2016 全國(guó)1  A

　　You probably know who Marie Curie was,but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below,who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?

　　Jane Addams(1860-1935)

　　Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社區(qū))by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.

　　Rachel Carson(1907-1964)

　　If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.

　　Sandra Day O’Connor(1930-present)

　　When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(參議員) and ,in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.

　　Rosa Parks(1913-2005)

　　On December 1,1955,in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.31．

　　24. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?

　　A. They are highly educated.     B. They are truly creative.

　　C. They are pioneers.           D. They are peace-lovers.

　　解析：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章對(duì)這幾個(gè)人物的介紹可知，這些女性都是在各自的領(lǐng)域?yàn)樯鐣?huì)做出貢獻(xiàn)的先驅(qū)。故選C。

　　例題2：2016 全國(guó)2   B

　　Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said: “Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today—and 45minutes each day for the rest of the week.”

　　A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see what the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations.

　　Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.

　　Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But I’m just not creative.”

　　“Do you dream at night when you’re asleep?”

　　“Oh, sure.”

　　“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.” The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. “That’s pretty creative. Who does that for you?”

　　“Nobody. I do it.”

　　“Really—at night, when you’re asleep?”

　　“Sure.”

　　“Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay?”

　　6. What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?

　　A. He liked to help his teacher.B. He preferred to study alone.

　　C. He was active in class.D. He was imaginative.

　　解析：D 推理判斷題。文章第三段第一句中提到的這個(gè)男孩在空閑時(shí)間拼裝這些玩具，而且他的作品堆滿(mǎn)了藝術(shù)教室的架子，家里的臥室里也有很多。第三段倒數(shù)第二句“Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work”說(shuō)明他是一個(gè)很有想象力和創(chuàng)造性的人。故D項(xiàng)正確。

　　【舉一反三】

　　A

　　Army Spc. Lauren Jahn gets emotional when talking about it — recalling the time she saw an American flag flying outside her hospital room and couldn’t stand to salute it.

　�。�It really hurt,＂ Jahn says, referring to both the physical and mental pain she was going through. ＂All of the hopes and dreams I had, it takes a while to realize that they’re gone.＂

　　Just a few months before that moment in the hospital, Jahn had joined the U.S. Army. She’d made it through basic training mostly unscathed save for some pain in her shins(脛), something she owed to the concentrated running. When she finally decided to see a doctor about the pain, she expected to get a clean bill of health. Instead she got doctor’s orders for an MRI, and a phone call no one likes to get. The doctor said she needed to discuss her results in person.

　　The day after Thanksgiving in 2016, Jahn found out she had a rare form of bone cancer. Then she had an operation. The following months of recovery were challenging. The single mother of three young children had to fight off depression as she also learned to walk again. She spent six months in a wheelchair.

　　But it was during this time that Jahn found out about fitted sports— things like wheelchair basketball, seated volleyball and track and field — where rules have been changed slightly to let people with disabilities compete on a level playing field. When she decided to try out archery(箭術(shù)), she discovered a new passion in life.

　　Jahn took home second place in Archery at the 2018 Department of Defense Warrior Games, where CBS News met her. She now has her sights set on qualifying for the Paralympic Games, or even the 2020 Summer Olympic Games.

　�。�I want my kids to see that it doesn’t matter what you go through in life, you can still be active, you can still chase your dreams.＂

　　1. How did Jahn feel when her dreams were gone?

　　A. Astonished.B. Disappointed.

　　C. Hurtful.D. Helpless.

　　2. What did Jahn hope to receive while seeing a doctor?

　　A. Doctor’s comfort.B. Lessening the pain of shins.

　　C. Some bills’ rewards.    D. A healthy certificate.

　　3. What happened after Jahn had an operation?

　　A. She nearly broke down.B. She lost her three children.

　　C. She was trapped in a wheelchair.D. She never thought about walking again.

　　4. What does the last paragraph suggest?

　　A. She gets on well with kids.B. All difficulties are temporary.

　　C. She desires to set children an example.D. Life is not easy unless you are active.

　　解析：

　　A：【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為記敘文。一位因患骨癌而殘疾的母親努力進(jìn)行康復(fù)訓(xùn)練，走出了陰影。她學(xué)習(xí)箭術(shù)、刻苦訓(xùn)練并在比賽中獲得亞軍。

　　1. C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的＂It really hurt＂與 All of the hopes and dreams I had, it takes a while to realize that they’re gone.判斷，當(dāng)她的夢(mèng)想破滅時(shí)，她很難受。

　　2. D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的 When she finally decided to see a doctor about the pain, she expected to get a clean bill of health.判斷，當(dāng) Jahn 去看醫(yī)生時(shí)，她想收到自己身體健康的證明。

　　3. C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“She spent six months in a wheelchair”可知，在手術(shù)之后，她被困在輪椅中六個(gè)月，故選擇C項(xiàng)，其他選項(xiàng)不符合文意。

　　4. C 【解析】推理判斷題。通讀最后一段可知，Jahn 想告訴她的孩子們，無(wú)論生活中經(jīng)歷了什么，人仍然可以保持樂(lè)觀積極，仍然可以追逐自己的夢(mèng)想。故推斷她希望為孩子們樹(shù)立榜樣，故選擇 C 項(xiàng)。

　　B

　　Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater’s 75-year history. This time, however, the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building’s end.

　　The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.

　　Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that the theater’s location(位置) was also a reason. ＂This used to be the center of town,＂ he said. ＂Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses.＂

　　Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place. However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.

　　The theater audience said good-bye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shown its last movie. The theater will be missed.

　　5. In what way was yesterday’s cleanup at the Plaza special?

　　A. It made room for new equipment.

　　B. It signaled the closedown of the theater.

　　C. It was done with the help of the audience.

　　D. It marked the 75th anniversary of the theater.

　　6. Why was The Last Picture Show put on?

　　A. It was an all-time classic.     B. It was about the history of the town.

　　C. The audience requested it.     D. The theater owner found it suitable.

　　7. What will probably happen to the building?

　　A. It will be repaired.      B. It will be turned into a museum.

　　C. It will be knocked down.    D. It will be sold to the city government.

　　8. What can we infer about the audience?

　　A. They are disappointed with Bradford.    B. They are sad to part with the old theater.

　　C. They are supportive of the city officials.  D. They are eager to have a shopping center.

　　B：【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了一家具有75年歷史的劇院因?yàn)椴焕�的地理位置和現(xiàn)代劇院的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)而被轉(zhuǎn)售的故事。

　　5. B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)首段的最后兩句可知，這次散場(chǎng)后的清理工作與之前不同的是這次清理工人不僅清理走了垃圾，而且還挪走了桌椅和劇院的其他設(shè)備，因?yàn)閯≡阂呀?jīng)被轉(zhuǎn)賣(mài)出去了。

　　6. D 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句可知，劇院老板選擇這部電影是因?yàn)檫@部電影本身講述的是小鎮(zhèn)上唯一的電影院即將關(guān)門(mén)停業(yè)的故事，與Plaza Theater情況一樣。

　　7. C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段句末中的“which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.”可以推斷出這個(gè)劇院即將被拆除，取而代之的是一個(gè)現(xiàn)代的購(gòu)物中心。

　　8. B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building. ”可知，人們非常難過(guò)，不愿看到老劇院被拆掉。
 

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