高二英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方法：掌握猜詞技巧 提升閱讀能力(2)

　　四、對(duì)比結(jié)構(gòu)

　　尋找文中相互對(duì)比、相互對(duì)照的線(xiàn)索來(lái)確定生詞的含義。

　　在此類(lèi)文章中，通常會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些表示意義轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比的詞語(yǔ)：however, but, on the other hand, on the contrary, instead of, while, unlike, not, although, yet, despite, in spite of, in contrast, etc.

　　例一： A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones.

　　根據(jù)句法結(jié)構(gòu)可知the adept workers和 the unskilled ones.為對(duì)比關(guān)系，意義相反。由the unskilled ones可推出the adept workers為熟練工人。

　　例二：Someone liked milk, but others abhorred it.

　　通過(guò)but我們知道abhor是like的反義詞，意為“厭惡”。

　　五、并列平行結(jié)構(gòu)

　　它表示意義上的并列或相似關(guān)系。表示并列關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)為and, similarly, like, just as, also, etc.

　　例一：A child’s birthday party does not have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anacleria, an Evaston mother of two, aged 4 and 18 months.

　　分號(hào)前后為兩個(gè)并列平行的分句，后一句意為“生日聚會(huì)可以充滿(mǎn)快樂(lè)、樂(lè)趣”，我們可以推測(cè)hassle意為“混亂”。

　　例二：First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.

　　baffled 和beaten為并列平行關(guān)系，根據(jù)beaten可以推測(cè)出baffled意為“難倒，使受挫，阻礙”之意。

　　例三：John loves to talk, and his sisters are similarly loquacious.

　　根據(jù)and和similarly判定短語(yǔ)loves to talk 和loquacious.之間為同義比較，意為“健談的”。

　　六、因果關(guān)系

　　它也是推測(cè)詞義的一種重要方式。我們可以通過(guò)結(jié)果推測(cè)原因，亦可通過(guò)原因推測(cè)結(jié)果。

　　例句：The girl began to feel homesick because she had been away from her family for years.

　　根據(jù)原因狀語(yǔ)從句和homesick本身的構(gòu)詞方法，我們推斷它的詞義為“想家的”。

　　七、舉例法

　　即通過(guò)生詞后面所舉的例子來(lái)推斷生詞的含義。

　　例句：In this reading room, you can find almost all periodicals in China, such as: The World of English, Foreign Language in School, English Learning or Readers.

　　我們根據(jù)后面所舉的例子，不難推斷出periodicals是“期刊”之意。