英語學習：非謂語動詞十大實用解題原則

　　非謂語動詞主要包括to do, -ing和-ed三種形式，可是其用法非常廣泛，它不僅是高考單項選擇題測試的一個重點，而且也是完形填空、閱讀理解、短文改錯的重要考查內容。為了能更好地掌握非謂語動詞的用法，筆者在教學實踐中總結出十條實用的解題原則，并且還用相關的題目來解釋這些原則。根據(jù)這些原則，相信同學們可以輕松地應對非謂語動詞。

　　原則一、兩個句子必須要用連詞連接，如果沒有連詞連接，則需要用非謂語動詞

　　例1. _________ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.

　　A. Having been told       B. Having told      C. He had been told      D. Though he had been told

　　例2．_________ many times, he still couldn’t understand it.

　　A. Having been told       B. Having told      C. He had been told      D. Though he had told

　　解析：例1中有連詞but連接，表明前后都是句子，所以答案為C。

　　例2中后面是一個句子，而且沒有連詞，所以前面不是句子，應該用非謂語動詞，根據(jù)句意此處為被動，所以答案為A。

　　原則二、不及物動詞無-ed形式非謂語動詞，及物動詞有賓語時用-ing形式，無賓語時用-ed形式

　　例3. ____________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.

　　A. Having lost                   B. Lost                 C. Being lost                D. Losing

　　解析：lose為及物動詞，現(xiàn)在后面沒有賓語，所以用-ed形式，答案為B。

　　例4. __________, I really believe that I’d prefer not to make any change now.

　　A. Considered all the possibilities                     B. Taking all the possibilities into consideration

　　C. Taken all the possibilities into consideration  D. Giving all the possibilities

　　解析：把。。。考慮進來結構為take sth into consideration，現(xiàn)在take后面有賓語all the possibilities，所以用-ing形式，答案為B。

　　原則三、being done 表示“正在被”，一般不作狀語，只作定語。非謂語動詞的完成時形式to have done或having done強調該動作發(fā)生在句子謂語動詞之前

　　例5. __ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.

　　A. Fail               B. Failed            C. To fail             D. Having failed

　　解析：根據(jù)句意“我們沒有打通電話，就給他們發(fā)了個郵件”，沒有打通電話應該發(fā)生在發(fā)郵件之前，所以用having done，答案為D。

　　例6. Tim Bemers-Lee is generally considered _____ the World Wide Web, on which all the information is shared by all.

　　A. to have founded       B. having founded       C. founding                D. to found

　　解析：根據(jù)句意，Tim Bemers-Lee創(chuàng)立萬維網(wǎng)應該是過去的事情，而且be considered后面應該用動詞不定式，所以應該用to have done，答案為A。

　　原則四、非謂語動詞作定語時，表示將來用-to do，表正在進行用-ing，表示已經(jīng)完成用-ed

　　例7. The play_____ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture．

　　A．produced                                        B．being produced

　　C．to be produced                                    D．having been produced

　　解析：根據(jù)本題中的時間狀語next month，可知the play將要于下月被創(chuàng)作出來，表將來應該用to do，所以答案為C。

　　例8.The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road.

　　A. being blown down    B. blown down       C. blowing down      D. to blow down

　　解析：根據(jù)句意“被暴風雨刮倒的樹已經(jīng)從路上移走了”，樹被刮倒是過去已經(jīng)完成的動作，表已經(jīng)完成用-ed形式，所以答案為B。

　　原則五、介詞后跟-ing形式，可以在-ing前加邏輯主語

　　例9. The discovery of new evidence led to ______________.

　　A. the thief having been caught                              B. the thief to be caught

　　C. catch the thief                                           D. the thief being caught

　　解析：本題led to中的to是介詞，后面應該用-ing形式，the thief作-ing的邏輯主語，所以答案為D。

　　例10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom.

　　A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed

　　C. being opened and closed                D. to open and close

　　解析：本題the noise of中的of是介詞，后面應該用-ing形式，desks作-ing的邏輯主語，所以答案為C。