定語(yǔ)從句,高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)練

　�、�. 單句語(yǔ)法填空

　　1．(2015·天津，15改編)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere __where__his employees enjoy their work.

　　解析：本句中定語(yǔ)從句“his employees enjoy their work”不缺主賓表，先行詞為atmosphere，表示“氣氛，氛圍”。將“in＋先行詞atmosphere”還原回從句中成立，因此答案為where。

　　2．(2015·陜西，15改編)As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time __when__he should be able to be independent.

　　解析：分析結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為time。定語(yǔ)從句為空格后句子，缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，用when引導(dǎo)。句意：作為家里最小的孩子，亞歷克斯總是渴望他應(yīng)該能獨(dú)立的時(shí)候。

　　3. (2015·安徽，28改編)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon __which__ school education depends.

　　解析：本句為定語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中位于介詞upon的后面作賓語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系代詞且指代先行詞the fundamental skill，因此用which。

　　4．(2015·湖南，29改編)It is a truly delightful place， __which__ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.

　　解析：此句是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是place，定語(yǔ)從句中缺主語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系代詞which。句意：這真是一個(gè)宜人的地方，這里蜿蜒的小路和美麗的小村莊一定和100年前看起來(lái)是一模一樣的。

　　5．(2015·四川，3改編)The books on the desk，__whose__covers are shiny，are prizes for us.

　　解析：此句是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為the books，________和covers之間存在所有關(guān)系，意為“書(shū)的封面”。句意：桌上的書(shū)是給我們的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，那些書(shū)的封面閃閃發(fā)光。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境填whose。

　　6．(2015·重慶，14改編)He wrote many children's books，nearly half of __which__ were published in the 1990s.

　　解析：此句為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是children's books，定語(yǔ)從句中of缺少賓語(yǔ)，故填which。句意：他寫(xiě)了許多兒童書(shū)籍，差不多一半左右是在20世紀(jì)90年代出版的。

　　7．(2016·江西南昌高三聯(lián)考)Nowadays，school violence is a hot issue. I think this is a phenomenon，__which__calls for our great concern.

　　解析：句意：目前，學(xué)校暴力是個(gè)熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。我認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)需要我們極大的關(guān)注的現(xiàn)象。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析可以看出，空白后面句子是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，對(duì)前面句子進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。

　　8．(2015·江蘇，21改編)The number of smokers，__as__is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.

　　解析：此句為as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。as意為“正如，正像”，在定語(yǔ)從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)；as在這里代替整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容；“as is reported”意為“正如被報(bào)道的那樣”。句意：正如被報(bào)道的那樣，煙民的數(shù)量在僅僅一年的時(shí)間就下降了17%。

　　9．Some passers－by witnessed the car accident __where__ five passengers were killed， a baby included.

　　解析：句意為：一些路人目睹了這場(chǎng)事故，其中有五位乘客喪生包括一個(gè)嬰兒。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用where引導(dǎo)。

　　10．“Spit－take” refers to an act __where__ someone spits liquid out of his or her mouth when he or she hears something funny or surprising.

　　解析：句意為：“笑噴”是指一種行為：某人在聽(tīng)到有趣的或吃驚的事情后從嘴中噴出液體。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾act，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，因此用where引導(dǎo)。

　　11．Cultural shock is a feeling __which/that__most travelers experience in a foreign country __where__ they find the culture is quite different from that of their own.

　　解析：句意為：文化沖擊是一種大多數(shù)游客在外國(guó)會(huì)經(jīng)歷的感覺(jué)，在那里他們會(huì)感覺(jué)外國(guó)的文化和自己的(文化)有很大的不同。分析句子成分可知，兩空均引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，第一空的先行詞為a feeling，且在從句中作experience的賓語(yǔ)，因此用which/that引導(dǎo)；第二空的先行詞為a foreign country，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用where引導(dǎo)。

　　12．Tibet is such a place __as__ all the people across the world are dreaming of visiting.

　　解析：句意為：西藏是一個(gè)全世界所有的人都?jí)粝胗斡[的地方。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞為a place，其前有such修飾，引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞as。

　　13．Dad decided to build a small tool room with a lock， __where__ he would keep his best tools so my brother couldn't reach them.

　　解析：句意為：父親決定建一個(gè)帶鎖的小工具室，把他最好的工具放到里面，這樣我弟弟就不會(huì)拿到它們了。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；修飾先行詞a small tool room，并在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用where引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句。

　　14．In 2014， such important reform policies associated with the interests of the general public were introduced in China __as__ almost each person could benefit from in life.

　　解析：句意為：在2014年，關(guān)系到公眾利益的重要的改革政策被引進(jìn)到中國(guó)，幾乎每一個(gè)人都能從中受益。先行詞policies前有such修飾，且引導(dǎo)詞作介詞from的賓語(yǔ)，因此用as引導(dǎo)。

　　15．We expect you to become someone of __whom__ we'll feel very proud in the future.

　　解析：句意為：我們希望你將來(lái)能成為我們會(huì)為之驕傲的人。feel proud of意為“為……感到自豪”，引導(dǎo)詞置于介詞of后作賓語(yǔ)，且先行詞為someone，指人，故填whom。

　　16．The movie Pompeii came out this February， __which__ many people think brings a touching love story to the audience.

　　解析：句意為：電影《龐貝末日》在今年二月上映，許多人認(rèn)為它為觀眾帶來(lái)了一個(gè)令人感動(dòng)的愛(ài)情故事。逗號(hào)后為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為the movie Pompeii，many people think為插入語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故填which。

　　17．Anyone __who__ upgrades their professional knowledge to a new level can apply for these courses.

　　解析：句意為：任何將專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)更新到一個(gè)新水平的人都可以申請(qǐng)這些課程。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞anyone，且在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，一般不用that，故用who引導(dǎo)。

　　18．Then he waved his hand in  the direction from __which__ the woman had called.

　　解析：句意為：接著他向傳來(lái)喊叫聲的那位女士的方向揮手。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞direction，且在從句中作介詞from的賓語(yǔ)，故填which。

　　19．Will you think of those individuals__who/that__ have helped you get through difficulty when you are leading a comfortable life？

　　解析：句意為：在你生活舒適時(shí)你會(huì)想起那些幫你度過(guò)艱難時(shí)光的人嗎？該定語(yǔ)從句缺少主語(yǔ)，先行詞為指人的individuals，故填who或that。

　　20．On an autumn afternoon， we were  sent to a farm __where__ we learnt to plant potatoes.

　　解析：句意為：在一個(gè)秋天的下午，我們被送到一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)，在那里我們學(xué)習(xí)了種植土豆。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞a farm，且在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用where引導(dǎo)。

　�、�. 語(yǔ)法填空

　　在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

　　There was a time __1. when__ I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English. And this is the reason __2. why__ my father forced me to join in a 30－day training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club， __3. where__ I met many strangers， I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately， my guide __4. whose__ teacher was Li Yang， communicated with me face to face， from __5. whom__ I gained some useful instructions. He also showed me a good partner， and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities __6. that/which__ we did. My father and the guide __7. who/that__ encouraged me to fall in love with English should be appreciated. Now I feel it interesting to learn English， into __8. which__ I put my entire energy. Every day I will read my words and passages aloud. In class I will join in English discussions. Before I go to sleep， I will recall my passages， through __9. which__ I can memorize a large number of new words. __10. As__ our English teacher says， “As long as we form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance， we will conquer English sooner or later.”

　�、�. 單句改錯(cuò)

　　1．Jim passed the driving test， it surprised everybody in the office.

　　答案與解析：it→which　由逗號(hào)可知，此處是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少指代前面這個(gè)句子內(nèi)容的主語(yǔ)，所以要用which。it無(wú)連接作用，不引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

　　2．It is such a big stone that nobody can lift.

　　答案與解析：that→as或在lift后加it　把該句看成so...that...結(jié)構(gòu)，可以在lift后加it，把that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句補(bǔ)充完整。該句也可以看成一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，此時(shí)，先行詞stone前有such，所以定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞用as，as在從句中充當(dāng)lift的賓語(yǔ)。故也可以把that改為as。

　　3．Which is mentioned above， our school still calls for many good teachers.

　　答案與解析：Which→As　as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句且指代整句話時(shí)的區(qū)別。as和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，都可以指代整個(gè)一句話。 as從句位置比較靈活，置前、置中或置后都可以，而which只能放在主句后面。其次，如果從句意思是“正如……，正像……”時(shí)，就用as。如果從句意思是“這一點(diǎn)，這”時(shí)，就用which。總之，位置記住，意思分清。

　　4．Have you noticed that small house， its roof is red？

　　答案與解析：its→whose　由逗號(hào)可知，此處是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。所以用whose代替its，its無(wú)連接作用，不引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

　　5．Tomb－Sweeping Day is one of China's traditional festivals， in which people hold memorial activities in memory of the dead.

　　答案與解析：in→on　“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”的定語(yǔ)從句中的介詞由先行詞決定。on Tomb－Sweeping Day在清明節(jié)。

　　6．Believe it or not， I don't like the way which he spoke to me.

　　答案與解析：which→that/刪去which/which前加in　先行詞是way，定語(yǔ)從句中缺狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞可以是that/in which或者不加關(guān)系詞。

　　7．(2016·桂林中學(xué)月考)Henry Royce did not like his car， that ran badly and often broke down.

　　答案與解析：that→which　逗號(hào)后是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指代先行詞car，故用which。that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

　　8．Are you facing a situation where looks impossible to fix？

　　答案與解析：where→which/that　situation后是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故用which/that。

　　9．She is a very nice girl whom has a dream of becoming an actress.

　　答案與解析：whom→who/that　girl后是定語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)該用who/that。whom是賓格，只能作賓語(yǔ)。

　　10．(2016·四川)The dishes what I cooked were Mom's favorite.

　　答案與解析：what→which/that或刪去what　dishes后是定語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，故用which/that或刪去what。what不引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。