2019高考英語經(jīng)典長難句分析及重點詞匯用法 (1)

　　1.For example, adolescent boys are more likely to buy computer games than any othergroup, so it makes sense to make computer game ads that appeal to this group.

　　例如，進入青春期的男孩子就可能比任何其他人群更愿意購買電腦游戲，因此，針對這個目標(biāo)群體制作有吸引力的電腦游戲廣告是有意義的。

　　【句式分析】本句是一個含有so引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句的復(fù)合句，同時又含有一個than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句。

　　【詞語點撥】

　　1)likely adj. 可能的；常用于句型：sb/sth be likely to do= it is likely that… 可能做……

　　He's very likely to send me an email tonight.

　　=It's very likely that he’ll send me an email tonight.

　　很可能他今晚會給我發(fā)電子郵件。

　　The company is likely to set up a branch in our city. =It’s likely that the company will set up a branch in our city.

　　這個公司可能要在我們的城市建立分公司。

　　2) make sense 有意義；講得通；make sense of 理解

　　I can’t follow these instructions -- they don’t make sense.

　　我不理解這些指示--根本講不通嘛。

　　We read the sentence through, but could not make sense of it.

　　我們我們把句子看了一遍, 但不明白它說些什么。

　　3) appeal to吸引；appeal to sb. for sth/appeal to sb. to do sth 呼吁某人干某事；求助于

　　Blue and red appeal to me, but I don’t like gray or yellow.

　　我喜歡藍色和紅色, 而不喜歡灰色或黃色。

　　˙Jack sincerely appealed to his friends to support him.

　　杰克真切地向朋友請求支持。

　　We can appeal to the website for the information we need.

　　我們可以在網(wǎng)上查找我們需要的信息。

　　【語法點撥】本句中的 than any other…，意為“比其他任何一個……”，所談?wù)摰膶ο笤诒容^的范圍之內(nèi)；若不在范圍之內(nèi)，則不用 other。如：

　　China is larger than any other country in Asia.

　　中國比亞洲任何別的國家都大。

　　China is larger than any country in Africa.

　　中國比非洲的任何國家都大。

　　2.The more exposed young people are to financial issues, and the younger they become aware of them, the more likely they are to become responsible, forward-planning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively.

　　年輕人越接觸經(jīng)濟問題，他們就能越早地了解這些問題，他們就更有可能成為有責(zé)任感的、早作打算的成年人，能夠有信心地、有效地管理自己的經(jīng)濟問題。

　　【句式分析】本句含有“the+比較級，the+比較級”的句式，同時又含有一個who引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞adults。

　　【詞語點撥】

　　1) expose vt.揭露；使暴露；be exposed to暴露于；接觸

　　We must expose this shameful activity to the newspapers.

　　我們一定要向報社揭露這一無恥行徑。

　　We should allow children to be exposed to new ideas.

　　我們應(yīng)當(dāng)讓孩子們接觸新思想。

　　2）manage v.應(yīng)付，設(shè)法對付；管理；能解決；manage to do設(shè)法做成

　　We need people who are good at managing.

　　我們需要擅長管理的人。

　　He managed to send the tourists to the airport in time.

　　他設(shè)法把游客及時送到機場。

　　Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water if they are not managed carefully.

　　如果掌控小帆船不夠小心，它們在水中就容易翻。

　　【語法點撥】“the+比較級，the+比較級”，表示“越……越……”。如：

　　The more we get together, the happier we’ll be.

　　我們越是多聚會, 我們越快樂。

　　The longer she worked at it, the more enthusiastic she became.

　　她越干越來勁。

　　3.She found that kids praised for “trying hard” did better on testes and were more likely totake on difficult assignments than those praised for being “smart”.

　　她發(fā)現(xiàn)因為努力被表揚的孩子比因為聰明被表揚的孩子在考試中表現(xiàn)得更好，更愿意承擔(dān)困難的任務(wù)。

　　【句式分析】本句含有一個than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句。

　　【詞語點撥】

　　take on 承擔(dān)；呈現(xiàn)

　　He is always ready to take on heavy responsibilities.

　　他一向樂于挑重擔(dān)。

　　The chameleon can take on the colour of its background.

　　變色龍可呈現(xiàn)出與其背景相同的顏色。

　　【語法點撥】當(dāng)我們要對兩個人或物進行比較時，就采用比較級，比較級的構(gòu)成：形容詞或副詞的比較級+than+比較成分，意思是：“更……些”或“較……”。Deeds are better thanwords when people are in need of help.

　　當(dāng)別人需要幫助時，行動勝于語言。

　　In a word,practice is far more important than book knowledge.

　　一句話，實踐遠比書本知識重要。

　　4.Perhaps more importantly, the better you are at managing the time you devote to your studies, the more time you will have to spend on your outside interests.

　　也許更重要的是，你越善于管理你的學(xué)習(xí)時間，你就會有更多的時間用在你課外的興趣上。

　　【句式分析】本句含有“the+比較級，the+比較級”的句式，同時含有兩個非限制性定語從句，分別修飾先行詞the time和the more time。

　　【詞語點撥】

　　1) devote vt.獻身;專心于；常接time/money/energy/life/oneself作賓語，構(gòu)成短語be devoted to=devote oneself to獻身于，致力于；to為介詞，后面接名詞、代詞或者動名詞。

　　Lang Lang devoted a lot of time to playing the piano even when he was a little child. 郎朗小時候就把很多時間都用來彈鋼琴。

　　After her marriage, the singer couldn’t devote herself totally to her music. 結(jié)婚之后這個歌手無法全力傾注于音樂。

　　2）spend some money/ time on sth=spend some money/time (in) doing sth表示“花費(時間、金錢等)做某事”，其中的介詞in可以省略。

　　Every day, most of the students in this school spend three hours on their homework. 這所學(xué)校大多數(shù)學(xué)生每天花三個小時做家庭作業(yè)。

　　It is bad for children to spend a lot of time playing computer games. 用很多時間玩電腦游戲?qū)�孩子是有害的�?br />
　　【語法點撥】“the+比較級，the+比較級”，表示“越……越……”，具體用法參見第2句。

　　5.He worked there through his school and university years until 1942, a year after he hadgained a Master’s degree at university in chemistry.

　　他讀中學(xué)和大學(xué)的那段時間都在那里工作，一直到1942年，也就是他在大學(xué)里獲得化學(xué)碩士學(xué)位后的那一年。

　　【句式分析】本句含有一個after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，從句中運用了過去完成時態(tài)。

　　【詞語點撥】

　　gain vt.（經(jīng)過努力）獲得，取得

　　We gain knowledge by practicing again and again.

　　我們從反復(fù)訓(xùn)練中獲取知識。

　　They realized that passing the exam was no longer enough to gain a place at university.

　　他們認識到僅僅通過這個考試，并不能確保在大學(xué)獲得一席之位。

　　【語法點撥】過去完成時的構(gòu)成：had done，表示“過去某一時間或動作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作。它表示動作發(fā)生的時間是“過去的過去”。表示過去某一時間可用by, before, after等構(gòu)成的短語，也可用when, before等引導(dǎo)的從句或通過上下文表示。如：

　　His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the gift he had long expected.

　　當(dāng)她終于收到她盼望已久的禮物時，她興奮得兩眼閃光。

　　By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself.

　　12歲時，愛迪生就開始自己謀生。

　　6. By the end of the century, we will have discovered other places in our solar systemsuitablefor living and we will have discovered ways to go further into space.

　　到本世紀末，我們將會在太陽系中發(fā)現(xiàn)其他適合人類居住的星球，并將發(fā)現(xiàn)進行更遠空間探索的方法。

　　【句式分析】本句是由并列連詞and連接的復(fù)合句，句中運用了將來完成時態(tài)。

　　【詞語點撥】suitable adj.合適的，適當(dāng)?shù)�；�?gòu)成短語：be suitable for適合……

　　They don’t think this article is suitable for publication.

　　他們認為這篇文章不宜發(fā)表。

　　John wanted to change over to a more suitable job.

　　約翰想換一個更加適合的工作。

　　【語法點撥】將來完成時的構(gòu)成：will/shall have done，表示“到將來某一時間為止已經(jīng)完成的動作”。常與by + 將來時間，before+將來時間和by the time 引導(dǎo)的表示將來時間的從句連用。如：

　　He will have finished writing his novel by the end of next year.

　　到明年年底他就會寫完他的小說了。

　　When we get there，she’ll have gone to work.

　　我們到那里時她會已上班去了。

　　7. In today’s world, winners are celebrated and treated as heroes, but if doping and gene-therapy continue to affect the outcomes of major sporting events, the word 'hero' will have lost all meaning.

　　在當(dāng)今世界，人們祝賀獲勝者，并把他們看作英雄，但如果服用興奮劑和基因治療繼續(xù)影響著主要體育項目的成績的話，“英雄”就失去了它的全部意義。

　　【句式分析】本句是由并列連詞but連接的復(fù)合句，第二個分句運用了將來完成時，同時，包含有一個if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。

　　【詞語點撥】

　　1) celebrate vt.慶祝

　　The whole city celebrated the New Year with fireworks.

　　全城放焰火來慶祝新年。

　　2) affect vt.影響，感動

　　I told him firmly that his opinion will not affect my decision.

　　我堅定的告訴他，他的觀點不會影響我的決定。

　　The audience present was deeply affected by his speech.

　　在場的聽眾都被他的演講深深地打動了。

　　【語法點撥】將來完成時, 具體用法參見第6句。

　　8.One of the earliest epidemics on record happened about 500-550 AD when the Roman emperor at the time was attempting to rebuild the Roman Empire.

　　歷史上有記載的最早的傳染病之一發(fā)生在公元500-550年，當(dāng)時的羅馬皇帝正在試圖重建羅馬帝國。

　　【句式分析】本句包含一個when引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句，從句中運用了過去進行時。

　　【詞語點撥】

　　attempt v.& n.嘗試，試圖

　　William attempted to find the solution to the problem.

　　威廉試圖找到問題的解決辦法。

　　He was nearly drowned in the attempt to swim across.

　　他在試圖游到對岸去時差一點被淹死。

　　【語法點撥】過去進行時的構(gòu)成：was/were doing，表示“過去某個時間正在進行的動作”。常用的時間狀語有this morning, the whole morning, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。如：

　　What was he writing all day last Sunday?

　　上周日他一整天都在寫什么？

　　My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.

　　我哥哥騎自行車的時候從車上摔下來受傷了。

　　9. The last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come.

　　最近的幾年里，人們見證了大規(guī)模的環(huán)境災(zāi)難，專家們預(yù)測更為嚴重的災(zāi)難即將發(fā)生。

　　【句式分析】本句是由并列連詞and連接的復(fù)合句，第一個分句運用了現(xiàn)在完成時。

　　【詞語點撥】

　　on a grand scale大規(guī)模地，大張旗鼓地

　　We should popularize science on a grand scale.

　　我們應(yīng)該大規(guī)模普及科學(xué)。

　　【語法點撥】現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成：has/have done，常表示“某一動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在有影響”，也可表示“持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)”。常用的時間狀語：for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語及before, until now, up till now, so far, up to the moment, in the last few years等。如：

　　We have booked a room for today and tomorrow.

　　我們已經(jīng)預(yù)訂了今天和明天的房間。

　　The house has been empty for ages.

　　這幢房子已經(jīng)空了相當(dāng)長時間了。（現(xiàn)在仍空著）

　　10.In the last few decades,

　　scientists have reached consensus and reported that human beings are causing changes in the Earth’s climate -- something previously seen as beyond our control.

　　最近幾十年，科學(xué)家們達成共識并報道說，人類正在引起地球的氣候變化—而這在以前看來是我們不能控制的。

　　【句式分析】本句是復(fù)合句，含有一個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，主句中運用了現(xiàn)在完成時。

　　【詞語點撥】

　　1) reach (a) consensus 達成共識，達成一致意見

　　It is very difficult for them to reach a consensus on this issue.

　　他們在這個問題上很難取得一致意見。

　　2) beyond prep. 超過；越過；在…較遠的一邊

　　The delay was caused by heavy weather and was beyond our control.

　　延遲是由惡劣天氣造成的，我們無法控制。

　　The beauty of the scene was beyond compare.

　　景色之美無與倫比。

　　Linda always wondered what was beyond the horizon.

　　琳達總是納悶著地平線的那一邊是什么。

　　【語法點撥】現(xiàn)在完成時，具體用法參見第10句。

　　11. Treatments for jellyfish stings and snakebites have also been developed and in the last five years there have been only three deaths from jellyfish stings and about the same number from snakebites.

　　治療水母刺傷和毒蛇咬傷方法也已經(jīng)研制成功，在過去的五年里只有三人死于水母刺傷，這與被蛇咬傷致死的人數(shù)大體相同。

　　【句式分析】本句是由并列連詞and連接的復(fù)合句，第一個分句運用了現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。

　　【詞語點撥】develop v.開發(fā)，發(fā)展，研制（新產(chǎn)品）

　　Over the last few years tourism here has developed considerably.

　　在過去幾年里，這里的旅游業(yè)獲得了相當(dāng)大的發(fā)展。

　　The two companies have teamed up to develop a new racing car.

　　那兩個公司已合作研制新型賽車。

　　【語法點撥】現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)就是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)的疊合，即：has/have been done，表示“過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在有影響或持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且主語與謂語動詞之間為被動關(guān)系”。

　　常用的時間狀語：for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語及before, until now, up till now, so far, up to the moment, in the last few years等。如：

　　The office looks nice. It has just been cleaned.

　　辦公室看起來很干凈。它剛被打掃過。

　　The machine has been repaired for two hours.

　　這臺機器已修了兩小時了。

　　12. Adverts are not only made and paid for by business, but also by individuals, organizations and associations that wish to inform or educate the public.

　　廣告可由商家付費制作，也可以由想給公眾傳達某種信息或教育公眾的個人、組織或協(xié)會來出資制作。

　　【句式分析】本句是由并列連詞not only…but also連接的復(fù)合句，第一個分句運用了一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。

　　【詞語點撥】

　　inform vt.通知，告知；構(gòu)成短語：inform sb of sth通知某人某事

　　I shall inform you soon of the date of my arrival.

　　我將把我到達的日期通知你。

　　I regret to inform you that I am unable to help you.

　　我遺憾地告訴你我沒法幫助你。

　　【語法點撥】一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：is/are done。表示“現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作，并且主語與謂語動詞之間為被動關(guān)系”。

　　A lot of food is wasted every year.

　　每年浪費掉很多食物。

　　Millions of tons of waste and poisonous gases are sent into the air with the smoke. 數(shù)百萬噸的廢氣和毒氣隨著煙塵散發(fā)到空中。

　　13. Margaret, married with two small children, has been working for the last seven years as a night cleaner, cleaning offices in a big building.

　　瑪格麗特，已婚，帶著兩個孩子，七年來一直在做清潔工，晚上給一座大樓里的辦公室打掃衛(wèi)生。

　　【句式分析】本句是簡單句，運用了現(xiàn)在完成進行時，包含有兩個非謂語短語，married with…在句中作后置定語，cleaning offices作伴隨狀語。

　　【詞語點撥】

　　marry v. (使)結(jié)婚；嫁；娶

　　Because of her beauty, she has managed to marry above her.

　　由于貌美，她得以嫁給一個地位比她高的人。

　　I'm sure Jack was sincere when he said he wanted to marry you.

　　我相信杰克說想娶你是真心的。

　　They got married to each other against their parents’ wishes.

　　他倆的結(jié)合違背了各自父母的愿望。

　　【語法點撥】現(xiàn)在完成進行時的構(gòu)成：has/have been doing。表示“一個動作從過去某個時間開始，延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且還有可能持續(xù)下去”。如：

　　You have been sitting in front of that computer too long.

　　你在電腦前坐的時間太長了。

　　No wonder he is so tired. He has been working all day.

　　難怪他這么累，他工作一天了。

　　14. Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s, genetically modified (GM 轉(zhuǎn)基因) foods have been increasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the world, mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide food crisis.

　　自從二十世紀九十年代早期首次投入市場以來，轉(zhuǎn)基因食物就不斷地在很多國家開發(fā)和銷售，主要是基于想要結(jié)束世界糧食危機。

　　【句式分析】本句是一個含有since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的復(fù)合句，have been developed and marketed…是現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)形式。

　　【詞語點撥】

　　basis n. 基礎(chǔ)；構(gòu)成短語：on the basis of 以……為基礎(chǔ)

　　Don’t evaluate a person on the basis of appearance.

　　不要以相貌取人。

　　Mr. Smith goes to the gym on a regular basis.

　　史密斯先生定期去健身房。

　　【語法點撥】現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)，具體用法參見第11句。

　　15. At nine o’clock on Saturday morning, I’ll be sitting in the front row and listening to the great professor Willard talking about the future of my brain.

　　星期六上午九點鐘，我將會坐在前排，聆聽偉大的威拉德教授談?wù)摯竽X的未來發(fā)展。

　　【句式分析】本句是簡單句，運用了將來進行時，含有一個復(fù)合賓語的結(jié)構(gòu)，talking about…在句中作賓補。

　　【詞語點撥】listen vi. 聽（后面常接介詞to）

　　Whatever you said, he simply wouldn’t listen.

　　你怎么說他也不聽.

　　We’re going to listen to a report this afternoon.

　　今天下午我們要去聽報告。

　　【語法點撥】將來進行時的構(gòu)成：will be doing，表示“將來某一時間正在進行的動作，或表示要在將來某一時間開始，并繼續(xù)下去的動作”。常用延續(xù)性動詞,常用來表示禮貌的詢問、請求等。如：

　　The minister will be giving a speech on international affairs.

　　部長將就國際事務(wù)發(fā)表演講。

　　Please don’t call me between 8:00 and 10:00 tomorrow. I’ll be having my classes then.

　　明天8點到10點之間請不要給我打電話，我那時正在上課。

　　16. The recent case of an American women, Terri Schiavo, whose husband won a legal battle to have her taken off life support machines after she spent 15 years in a coma-like state, has exposed the many sensitive legal and medical issues that surround the care of coma patients.

　　最近一位美國婦女Terri Schiavo的案例已經(jīng)暴露出許多關(guān)于對昏迷病人的護理的敏感的司法和醫(yī)學(xué)問題，她的丈夫打贏了一場官司，在她在昏迷狀態(tài)下度過15年之后，把她與她的生命供應(yīng)機切斷了。

　　【句式分析】本句是復(fù)合句，主語是The recent case，謂語是has exposed，關(guān)系代詞whose在句中引導(dǎo)一個非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞Terri Schiavo；關(guān)系代詞that在句中引導(dǎo)一個限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞issues，taken off在句中作賓補。

　　【詞語點撥】

　　1) sensitive adj.敏感的；易受影響的

　　A baby is sensitive to the slightest changes in its mother’s voice.

　　嬰兒對母親聲音的最細小變化都很敏感。

　　My teeth are really sensitive to hot and cold.

　　我的牙齒對冷熱真地很敏感。

　　2) surround vt. 包圍；環(huán)繞, 圍繞

　　You will discover that you are surrounded by happiness.

　　你會發(fā)現(xiàn)，幸福其實就是在你身邊。

　　The video images made the visitors feel they were surrounded with wild life.

　　這些圖像給參觀者產(chǎn)生身處野生動物之中的感覺。

　　【語法點撥】have sth done有三種含義：1)請別人做某事，相當(dāng)于get sth done 2)遭受一種不幸3)完成某項工作；在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，done做賓補，和賓語sth之間是被動關(guān)系。如：

　　We had the computer repaired immediately.

　　我們立刻請人把電腦修好了。

　　I had my watch stolen last night.

　　昨晚我的手表被偷了。

　　另外，have sb do...讓某人去做……，have sb doing讓一直做……；在這兩個結(jié)構(gòu)中，do和doing和賓語之間都是主動關(guān)系。如：

　　I would have my friend wait for me at the gate of the park.

　　我要朋友在公園門口等我。

　　The two men had their lights burning all night long.

　　那兩個人讓燈通宵亮著。

　　17. The court gave their approval for the life support machines to be turned off and while this ruling left Terri’s parents feeling numb and others claiming that life is sacred, which no one has the right to end, many would say it was the right thing to do for Terri.

　　法院批準(zhǔn)把生命供養(yǎng)機關(guān)掉，雖然此項裁決使得Terri的父母感到吃驚，而且使其他人聲稱生命是神圣的，沒有人有權(quán)力將其終止，但是許多人都會說這對Terri來說是一件正確的事情。

　　【句式分析】本句是復(fù)合句,while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞life，feeling numb和claiming賓補，it在句中代替to do for…作形式主語。

　　【詞語點撥】

　　1)approval n.批準(zhǔn)；同意，贊成

　　The plan had the approval of the school authorities.

　　計劃得到學(xué)校當(dāng)局的認可。

　　We expected our plan to meet with approval.

　　我們希望計劃能得到批準(zhǔn)。

　　2)approve v.同意，贊成

　　Her father will never approve of her marrying such a lazy fellow.

　　她父親永遠不會贊成她嫁給這樣的懶人。

　　【語法點撥】

　　1)leave sb doing 讓/使某人做……，doing在這個結(jié)構(gòu)中作賓補，和賓語sb是主動關(guān)系。如果賓語和賓補是被動關(guān)系，用leave …done。如：

　　Repeated failure had left them feeling very discouraged.

　　三番五次的失敗使他們情緒非常低落。

　　His reply left us all rather confused.

　　他的答復(fù)我們都搞糊涂了。

　　2）動詞不定式或主語從句作主語時，為了保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)的平衡，常用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語置于句末。it沒有具體意義。如：

　　It is a pity that he should refuse my invitation.

　　他竟然拒絕了我的邀請，真是遺憾！

　　Is it difficult to understand the English program.

　　理解這個英語節(jié)目難嗎？

　　18. Edmonds is the first African American ever to work as a full-time speechwriter for a U.S. president; he is also the first African American to serve as director of speechwriting for the White House.

　　【句式翻譯】埃德蒙茲是第一個非洲裔美國人作為全職演講撰稿人為美國總統(tǒng)工作。他也是第一位非洲裔美國人作為演講撰稿人總監(jiān)為白宮工作。

　　【句式分析】本句包含有兩個由分號分隔開的分句,不定式短語to work…和to serve…都作定語，修飾the first African American。

　　【詞語點撥】

　　serve v. 服務(wù)；用作；端上

　　We found that birch bark could serve as paper.

　　我們發(fā)現(xiàn)樺樹皮可以作紙用。

　　Air hostesses all smile when they serve the passengers.

　　空姐們?yōu)槌丝头��?wù)時總是滿臉笑容。

　　Please clear your books away so that I can serve dinner.

　　請把你的書收拾一下以便我端上飯菜。

　　【語法點撥】動詞不定式可以放在表示次序的詞the first, the last等后面以及the only, the very, the right等詞后面作定語, 且與這些詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。結(jié)構(gòu)為：the first/last /only/very/right/best/youngest ...+n./pron. + to do sth，表示“第一個/最后一個/唯一的/恰好的/合適的/最好的/最年輕的……做某事的人/物”。 如：

　　The last man to leave the sinking ship was the captain.

　　最后一個離開正在下沉的船的那個人是船長。

　　New Zealand was the first nation in modern times to allow women to vote.

　　新西蘭成為現(xiàn)代史上第一個允許婦女有選舉權(quán)的國家。

　　19. The Olympic spirit -- the spirit of competition which emphasizes taking part rather thanwinning -- has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.

　　奧林匹克精神—強調(diào)參與而不是取勝的競技精神—已經(jīng)被為成功而不惜一切代價的愿望所褻瀆。

　　【句式分析】本句是復(fù)合句,which引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞spirit，to succeed修飾desire，作定語。

　　【詞語點撥】rather than 與其；不愿；而不是。用于連接兩個并列成分，連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)與rather than 前面的名詞或代詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致

　　Tom rather than his friends has been chosen.

　　是湯姆而不是他的朋友們被選中。

　　The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap.

　　與其說她買的這件羊毛衫便宜不如說它漂亮。

　　I decided to send an e-mail rather than telephone.

　　我決定發(fā)郵件而不是打電話。

　　【語法點撥】有些名詞后常跟不定式作定語，如：time, way, right, reason, effort, chance,movement, ability, desire, tendency等。如：

　　Thank you for giving me a chance to make a speech.

　　謝謝你給我發(fā)言的機會。

　　Mr. Green has the ability to bring out the best in others.

　　格林先生能做到揚人之長。

　　20. When you set out to do something different, there’s no end in sight, so to find myself in a position where I now have my own name on a contract of the publisher -- to be a published writer -- is unbelievably rewarding.

　　當(dāng)著手去做不同的事情，看不到結(jié)果，所以，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的名字寫在出版商的合同上—要成為一個出版作家—是令人難以置信的回報。

　　【句式分析】本句是復(fù)合句，包含有三個從句，when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，so引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，where引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞position，to find …在句中作主語。

　　【詞語點撥】

　　rewarding adj. 值得的；有報酬的

　　So far my time with these children has been very rewarding.

　　到目前為止,我和這些孩子們度過的時光非常有價值。

　　Government service can be a rewarding and secure career.

　　政府部門的工作可以很有回報，很有保障。

　　【語法點撥】動詞不定式可以作主語，位于句首。如果動詞不定式短語過長，為了避免句子頭重腳輕，可用 it 作形式主語，而將真正的主語動詞不定式短語后置，具體用法參見第17句。如：

　　To obey the law is the duty of everybody.

　　遵守法律人人有責(zé)。

　　To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness in the world.

　　愛人和被人愛是這個世界上最大的幸福。

　　21. To really develop empathy, you’d better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a“sharing circle”with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.

　　要真正開發(fā)同理心，你最好在養(yǎng)老院或醫(yī)院做志愿者，加入一個有多樣化的會員的俱樂部或團隊，與你的家人有一個“共享圈”，或者在動物收容所照顧寵物。

　　【句式分析】本句是復(fù)合句，that引導(dǎo)一個非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞a club or a team，volunteer, join, have和spend是并列的謂語動詞，To really develop…在句中作目的狀語。

　　【詞語點撥】

　　volunteer v. 志愿 n. 志愿者

　　Some graduates volunteer to work in the countryside.

　　一些大學(xué)生自愿到農(nóng)村去。

　　She now helps in a local school as a volunteer three days a week.

　　目前她在當(dāng)?shù)氐囊患覍W(xué)校做志愿工作，一周去3天。

　　【語法點撥】不定式to do可以作目的狀語（其否定形式：not to do），相當(dāng)于in order to do和so as to do (so as to do只能放在句中，不能位于句首)。如：

　　One should get enough exercise to keep healthy.

　　為了維持身體健康，一個人要有足夠的鍛煉。

　　To find a better job, a lot of people choose to go to the big cities.

　　為了找份更好的工作，很多人愿意到大城市去。

　　22. Proudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes.

　　自豪地閱讀我寫的內(nèi)容時，我環(huán)顧整個房間，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)我的同學(xué)笑得眼淚都要流出來了。

　　【句式分析】本句是簡單句，包含有三個非謂語短語，reading my words 和only to find…分別作時間狀語和結(jié)果狀語，bearing…作賓補。

　　【詞語點撥】

　　glance vi瞥；瀏覽；后面常跟at, through, over等介詞

　　I picked up the phone book and glanced through it.

　　我拿起電話簿，匆匆掃了一遍。

　　He glanced at his watch and left the room.

　　他匆匆看了一下手表，離開了房間。

　　【語法點撥】動詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語時，通常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，常被just或only修飾，置于句末，用逗號和句子分開。如：

　　I went to the classroom, only to find nobody there.

　　我去了教室，卻沒有見到一個人。

　　He rushed to the door, only to discover that it was locked and barred.

　　他沖到門邊, 卻發(fā)現(xiàn)門已被鎖死了。

　　23. At 12 years old she won a Guinness Record when she became the youngest female to win the women’s world title for platform diving at the World Championships in Australia in 1991.

　　1991年，12歲的伏明霞就獲得了一項吉尼斯紀錄，當(dāng)時她參加了在澳大利亞舉行的跳臺跳水世界錦標(biāo)賽，成為最年輕的女子世界冠軍。

　　【句式分析】本句是復(fù)合句，when在句中引導(dǎo)狀語從句，to win the women's world title…作定語，修飾the youngest female。

　　【詞語點撥】

　　championship n.冠軍稱號；錦標(biāo)賽

　　We are proud for you to win the championship.

　　我們?yōu)槟阙A得冠軍而驕傲。

　　All the gold medals for the championship fell to the team.

　　本屆錦標(biāo)賽的所有金牌都被這個隊奪得。

　　【語法點撥】動詞不定式作定語，具體用法參見第18句。

　　24. To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee.

　　把酒精從體內(nèi)消除是個緩慢的過程，也不可能通過任何措施如洗澡或喝杯茶或咖啡來加速其消除的過程。

　　【句式分析】本句是由并列連詞and連接的復(fù)合句，To get rid of alcohol和to speed it up在句中都作主語。

　　【詞語點撥】

　　1)get rid of 擺脫；除去

　　How to get rid of air pollution is still a big problem.

　　如何清除空氣污染仍然是個大問題。

　　2)measure n. 尺寸；措施；手段 vt. & vi. 測量；有……長（寬、高等）

　　A clock measures time.

　　鐘是用來計量時間的。

　　This room measures ten metres across.

　　這個房間寬十米。

　　Mr. Smith asked the tailor to make some new clothes to his own measure.

　　史密斯先生要求裁縫照他的尺寸做新衣服。

　　We must take measures to prevent the water from being polluted.

　　我們必須采取措施防止水被污染。

　　【語法點撥】動詞不定式作主語：具體用法參見第20句。

　　25. Having identified the target group, researchers find out as much as possible about those in the target group, such as their likes and dislikes, and how the product wouldfit into their lives.

　　明確了廣告的目標(biāo)群體后，研究人員就會盡量獲取這個群體的有關(guān)信息，例如他們的好惡，以及如何使產(chǎn)品適應(yīng)他們的生活。

　　【句式分析】本句是復(fù)合句，how在句中引導(dǎo)定語從句，Having identified the target group是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式作狀語。

　　【詞語點撥】

　　identify vt. 識別，認出

　　Could you identify your bike among a hundred others.

　　你能從100自行車中認出你的那一輛嗎？

　　The bad weather is identified as the possible cause of the accident.

　　壞天氣被認為可能導(dǎo)致了這個事故。

　　【語法點撥】having done可以作狀語，此時，它代表的動作發(fā)生在句子謂語動作之前，它的邏輯主語和句子的主語一致。如：

　　Not having tried his best, he failed in the exam.

　　由于沒有盡最大努力，他這次考試沒能通過。

　　Having known the situation well, they could deal with the problem efficiently.

　　由于對形勢的深刻了解，他們有效地處理了問題。